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Multiple Myeloma Risk Factors and Foods to Avoid

Home> Multiple Myeloma> Prevention and Risk Factors

The risk of developing multiple myeloma depends on various modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Having these factors does not guarantee a multiple myeloma diagnosis; it only means one has a higher chance of developing this disease.

Although there is no specific diet for multiple myeloma, certain foods are reported to have a positive impact on recovery during multiple myeloma treatment, while others, on the other hand, are observed to have a negative impact.

Multiple Myeloma Risk Factors

Risk factors for multiple myeloma increase one’s chances of developing this condition. The following are some of the important multiple myeloma risk factors:

Age

Multiple myeloma primarily affects older individuals, with the risk increasing significantly after the age of 65. The risk increases with age because of the accumulation of genetic changes in plasma cells over time.

Being Male

Men are slightly more susceptible to multiple myeloma than women. This gender difference in risk is not fully understood but may be linked to hormonal variations.

African Ethnicity

Multiple myeloma is more prevalent among individuals of African descent. This racial disparity suggests genetic and environmental factors may contribute.

Family History

Having a family member who is diagnosed with multiple myeloma can increase one’s risk of developing this condition. Genetic factors play a significant role in the development of this cancer.

Personal History of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS)

Having MGUS is one of the most important multiple myeloma risk factors. MGUS is considered a precursor condition to multiple myeloma. Individuals with MGUS have a higher risk of progressing to multiple myeloma over time.

Obesity

Obesity is also observed to be one of the multiple myeloma risk factors. Adipose tissue can produce inflammatory molecules that may contribute to cancer development.

Having other plasma cell diseases

Being diagnosed with other plasma cell diseases like solitary plasmacytoma and Waldenström macroglobulinemia, which are related to multiple myeloma, may increase the risk of its development.

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Best Diet for Multiple Myeloma

A balanced diet is the best diet for multiple myeloma. Certain foods are going to positively impact the treatment response, help patients remain strong throughout their treatment, and support a better recovery after the treatment.

Greens

Leafy greens like spinach, kale, and collard greens are rich in vitamins, antioxidants, and fiber. They support overall health and can help mitigate the side effects of multiple myeloma treatments.

Fiber

A diet high in fiber from whole grains, legumes, and vegetables aids digestion and helps maintain a healthy weight, which is important for managing multiple myeloma.

Bland Foods

During treatment, some individuals experience nausea and mouth sores. Opting for bland, easy-to-digest foods like rice, plain yogurt, and oatmeal can provide essential nutrients without exacerbating discomfort.

Iron

Iron is crucial for preventing anemia, a common complication of multiple myeloma. Including iron-rich foods like lean meats, beans, and fortified cereals in the diet can help multiple myeloma patients manage their diet.

Vitamins and Minerals

Consume a diverse range of fruits and vegetables to ensure you get a spectrum of essential vitamins and minerals, supporting your immune system and overall health.

Vitamin D

Adequate vitamin D intake is essential for bone health, especially as multiple myeloma can weaken bones. Your healthcare provider may recommend supplements if your levels are low.

Fish Oil

Omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil have anti-inflammatory properties, which help reduce inflammation and positively impact the treatment response.

Folates

Foods rich in folate, such as leafy greens, lentils, and fortified cereals, can help in the production of healthy cells in the bone marrow.

Foods to Avoid with Multiple Myeloma

Not all foods are good for myeloma. Foods to avoid during the myeloma treatment include those that increase the infection risk. those that increase the infection risk. It is important for myeloma patients to be careful about infections, as they may have poor immunity during the treatment, and these infections may become life-threatening for them.

Raw Meat or Fish

Avoid consuming raw or undercooked meat and fish to minimize the risk of foodborne illnesses. Cooking these foods thoroughly is crucial.

Runny Eggs

To reduce the risk of salmonella infection, steer clear of eggs with runny yolks. One must opt for fully-cooked eggs instead.

Unpasteurized Drinks

Unpasteurized beverages, including some fruit juices and milk, may contain harmful pathogens. Therefore, it is important to consume pasteurized beverages.

Sushi

Consumption of raw fish poses a risk of infection, especially for individuals with weakened immune systems due to multiple myeloma or its treatments. Therefore, it is important to avoid sushi during the treatment.

Unwashed Fruits and Vegetables

It is necessary to wash all fruits and vegetables before consumption to remove potential contaminants.

Who is at High Risk of Multiple Myeloma?


It's important to understand that while certain factors increase the risk of multiple myeloma, the disease can affect anyone. However, individuals at higher risk should be particularly careful about their health and consider regular check-ups.


Conclusion


Multiple myeloma is a multifaceted disease influenced by various factors, including age, gender, race, genetics, and family history. Adhering to a balanced diet rich in greens, fiber, and essential nutrients can significantly contribute to overall well-being. Additionally, avoiding risky dietary practices can help maintain health during the management of multiple myeloma. Regular medical checkups and early detection are key to effectively managing the condition.

Frequently Asked Questions

What increases the risk of multiple myeloma?

Multiple myeloma risk factors include age, gender (male), race (Black), family history, personal history of MGUS, obesity, and other plasma cell diseases.

Dairy products are a good source of calcium, which is essential for bone health. However, individuals with lactose intolerance or specific dietary restrictions should consult their healthcare provider for suitable alternatives.

Tomatoes are rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals. They can be part of a balanced diet for multiple myeloma patients, providing essential nutrients and supporting overall health.

Physical activity, including walking, offers numerous health benefits, such as improved cardiovascular health and overall well-being. Consult your healthcare team for personalized recommendations based on your condition and fitness level.