×

Ovarian Cancer : Symptoms, Signs and Causes

Home> Ovarian cancer> Symptoms and Causes

Ovarian cancer is a serious health concern that primarily affects women, and understanding its symptoms, signs, and causes is crucial for early detection and effective management. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the various aspects of ovarian cancer to provide you with valuable insights and information.

Who is Mainly Affected by Ovarian Cancer?

Ovarian cancer doesn't discriminate and can affect women of all backgrounds and ages. However, certain factors may increase the risk of developing this type of cancer. Those who are above the age of 50 have a higher chance of developing ovarian carcinoma. Also, those who have a positive family history of ovarian cancer are also at an increased risk. Conditions like obesity and endometriosis can also increase one’s ovarian cancer risk. Lastly, those who have never been pregnant also have a higher risk of ovarian cancer.

Early Signs or Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer

Early detection of ovarian cancer is challenging because the signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer are often subtle and can be mistaken for other less serious conditions. Recognizing these signs early can make a significant difference in the outcome:

Abdominal Bloating or Swelling

Persistent bloating that doesn't go away with dietary changes or time should be a cause for concern. This symptom can occur due to the enlargement of the ovaries or the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity. Bloating may appear as one of the early symptoms of ovarian cancer in some women.

Weight Loss

Unexplained weight loss, especially if it occurs rapidly, can be a sign of ovarian cancer. Weight loss may occur due to changes in metabolism or cancer-related inflammation.

Fatigue

Feeling unusually tired or fatigued, even after getting enough rest, can be a symptom of ovarian cancer. Fatigue can result from the body's response to the presence of cancer. This is also one of the stage 3 ovarian cancer symptoms.

Back Pain

Chronic back pain, often lower back pain, can be associated with ovarian cancer. This symptom may occur as the cancer progresses and affects nearby structures. This could also be one of stage 2 ovarian cancer symptoms.

Feeling Full Quickly When Eating

If you experience a sudden loss of appetite or a feeling of fullness after eating small amounts, it's essential to consult a healthcare professional. This symptom can result from the physical pressure of ovarian tumors on the stomach or intestines.

Discomfort in the Pelvic Area

Persistent pelvic discomfort or pain is one of the symptoms of ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer can cause irritation and pressure on pelvic organs, leading to discomfort.

Bowel Changes

Ovarian cancer can cause changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation. These changes can result from the physical impact of tumors on the digestive system.

Vaginal Discharge

Any unusual vaginal discharge, especially if it's accompanied by other symptoms, should be evaluated. Vaginal discharge can be a sign of advanced ovarian cancer.

Frequent Urination

An increased need to urinate, often accompanied by urgency, can be a sign of ovarian cancer. This symptom may occur due to pressure on the bladder from ovarian tumors.

Menstrual Changes

Changes in menstrual patterns, such as irregular periods or heavy bleeding, can be indicative of a problem. Ovarian cancer can disrupt hormonal balance, leading to menstrual irregularities. This could be one of early-stage ovarian cancer symptoms.

Book an Appointment

Ovarian Cancer Types & Their Symptoms

Ovarian cancer can manifest in different types, and each type can present with its set of symptoms of ovarian cancer in females:

Symptoms of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

This is the most common type of ovarian cancer. Symptoms may include pelvic pain, bloating, and urinary urgency. These symptoms of ovarian cancer can occur due to the growth of cancerous epithelial cells on the surface of the ovaries.

Symptoms of Stromal Tumors

These tumors develop from cells that produce hormones. The ovarian tumor symptoms, in this case, can vary but may include hormonal imbalances and abnormal vaginal bleeding. Stromal tumors are relatively rare but can lead to distinct symptoms related to hormonal changes.

Symptoms of Germ Cell Tumors

These tumors originate from the cells that produce eggs. Symptoms can include abdominal pain and swelling. Germ cell tumors are less common but can cause specific symptoms related to their location and size.

Symptoms of Small Cell Carcinomas (SCCO)

SCCO is a rare and aggressive type of ovarian cancer. This ovarian tumor symptoms may include abdominal pain and weight loss. This type of cancer is known for its rapid progression and may present with severe signs of ovarian cancer mentioned above.

Common Ovarian Cancer Causes

Understanding the potential causes of ovarian cancer can help individuals make informed decisions about their health. While there's no single definitive cause, the following are identified as some of the possible ovarian cancer causes.

Age

Ovarian cancer risk increases with age, with women over 60 at a higher risk. As women age, the cumulative effects of hormonal changes and exposure to potential risk factors may play a role in cancer development. This makes increasing age one of the potential ovarian cancer causes.

Family History

A family history of ovarian cancer, especially in close relatives like mothers or sisters, can elevate the risk. Inherited genetic mutations may contribute to the increased risk within families.

Obesity

Maintaining a healthy weight is essential, as obesity can increase the likelihood of developing ovarian cancer. The exact reasons for this association are still under investigation, but it may be related to hormonal changes and inflammation associated with obesity. Since obesity is one of the possible reasons for ovarian cancer, it is important for women to maintain a healthy weight.

Endometriosis

The condition of endometriosis is also identified as one of the possible ovarian cancer causes. Researchers are exploring the mechanisms behind this connection, which may involve chronic inflammation and changes in the pelvic environment.

Reproductive History

Women who have never been pregnant or who have children later in life may face a slightly higher risk of ovarian cancer. Pregnancy and childbirth may have a protective effect against the development of ovarian cancer, but the reasons are complex and not fully understood.


When to See an Oncologist?


If you experience persistent symptoms of ovarian cancer, such as those mentioned above, it's crucial to consult an oncologist or healthcare professional promptly. Early detection and diagnosis can greatly improve the chances of successful treatment.


In conclusion, ovarian cancer is a complex disease with various types and risk factors. Being aware of the signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer and its causes is essential for early detection and better outcomes. If you suspect ovarian cancer or have concerns about your risk, don't hesitate to seek medical advice and guidance.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the most common method of ovarian cancer spread?

Ovarian cancer typically spreads within the abdominal cavity, affecting nearby organs and tissues. It can also spread to distant organs through the bloodstream or lymphatic system.

Ovarian cancer can spread to nearby organs like the fallopian tubes, uterus, and bladder, as well as more distant organs such as the liver and lungs.

There is no direct link between bacteria and ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer is more likely associated with genetic, hormonal, and lifestyle factors.

Symptoms of ovarian cancer often begin subtly, with abdominal discomfort, bloating, or changes in bowel habits. These symptoms can progress over time.

Ovarian cancer is challenging to detect early because the symptoms or signs of ovarian cancer are often vague and easily mistaken for other conditions. Routine screening tests for ovarian cancer are not as effective as those for other cancers.

Ovarian cancer can occur at any age, but the risk increases with age, with most cases diagnosed in women over 50.

The time it takes for symptoms of ovarian cancer to appear can vary widely, but they often become noticeable as the cancer progresses. Early-stage ovarian cancer may have milder symptoms that develop gradually, making it harder to detect.